Today’s passage: John 19:16-27

Helpful thoughts:

• Jesus began the walk to Golgotha (“Calvary” is from the Latin translation) carrying His own cross.  The suffering He had already endured made it impossible to complete the journey (Matthew 27:32).
• Jesus was crucified outside of the city by Jewish standards.  Sin was to be punished “outside the camp.” (Numbers 15:35-36, Hebrews 13:12)
• Pilate had “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews” written in three languages for a reason.  This inscription would have held different connotations depending on where you were from.
• Even while on the cross Jesus looked after others, ensuring his mother would be cared for by the Apostle John after His death.

Questions to consider:

1. Why do you think the chief priests wanted the inscription altered?  Who looked like the victor and who looked like the defeated based on what Pilate had written?  Who did the Jewish leaders want to receive the glory for this “victory?”
2. Did the Roman soldiers who divided Jesus’ garments have any idea they were fulfilling Psalm 22:18?  How was God’s sovereignty evidenced in their actions?
3. How did their actions continue to prove that Jesus really is the Messiah, our Lord and Savior?  What is the right response for the reader and seeing all of God’s promises and prophecies being fulfilled?  What are we to do with our knowledge of who Jesus is?

Today’s passage: John 19:1-16

Helpful thoughts:

• Verse 7 contains the real reason the Jews wanted Jesus crucified.  Verse 12 contains the political argument that seemed to force Pilate’s hand.
  • Jesus was crucified because He believed He was the Son of God, which He is.
  • In order to affirm the Roman political motive, the Pharisees remarked, “We have no king but Caesar.”
    • See 1 Samuel 10:18-19.  It wasn’t the first time God had been rejected as King.
• Jesus was flogged before His sentencing as if a criminal to attempt to appease the people, but it wasn’t enough.  Once He was sentenced to crucifixion He was scourged in a more severe manner.
• Jesus made it clear to Pontius Pilate, it was not Pilate who had the authority to crucify Him.  Jesus was crucified on that day because it was God’s will.  Pilate was serving God’s will.

Questions to consider:

1. In a culture that believed in many deities, why do you think Pilate became increasingly nervous about the situation he was in?  What different people would he have known he needed to please to maintain “peace” and his authority?  What powers would he have wondered if he was messing with?
2. Why did Jesus call Caiaphas’ and the Jewish leaders’ action of turning him over the “greater sin?”
3. Why is verse 14 such a powerful verse?  What day was it?  What was the Passover for (Exodus 12:13)?  How was Jesus introduced to the Jewish people?  What is the right response for the reader when we realize who Jesus is and what He has done?

Today’s passage: John 18:28-40

Helpful thoughts:

• Pilate rightly desired a charge against Jesus before proceeding.  The Jewish leaders’ response could be summed up by saying, “We don’t really have anything according to your law, but he deserves to die according to ours.”
  • Rome would not permit the Jews to put anyone to death on their own, without their approval.
  • Pilate’s first instinct, thinking Jesus had probably only violated the Jewish law, was to send Him back to the Sanhedrin.  Once he knew the offense was capital, he sought more information by asking the question, “Are you the King of the Jews?”
    • A man calling himself the “King of the Jews” would make him an enemy of Caesar and guilty of treason.  Once again, the trial was used to attempt to coax Jesus into committing a capital offense.
• Jesus does not deny, He is King!  But, at that moment, He was no threat to Caesar.  He had not come to conquer Rome.
  • He had come to speak the truth, to be the Word (John 1:1-5, 14).
• Pilate declared Jesus, “not guilty.”
  • He knew the Jewish leaders wanted Jesus dead, but he sought a way for the people to release Him.  They chose a known sinner instead.

Questions to consider:

1. What did the Jews believe that Jesus was doing that deserved death?  What was the “evil” He had “done?” (Matthew 26:64-66)  What was Jesus actually convicted for being guilty of by the Jews?
2. What crime was Pilate trying to coax Jesus toward?  What is the irony of both the Jewish and Roman (Gentile) crimes?  Why shouldn’t Jesus Christ be executed for believing He is the Son of God and King of Kings?
3. What picture does Barnabas paint for us, the readers of this passage?  Between Barnabas and Jesus, who had truly sinned?  Who died a sinner’s death?  Who lived?  How does this picture our salvation through Jesus’ death?

Today’s passage: John 18:19-27

Helpful thoughts:

• The high priest questioned Jesus about his disciples and his teaching because this was a religious/theological trial.  Jesus had done nothing wrong and they knew that.  His only “crime” would be teaching what they considered to be heretical and blasphemous.
  • Jesus’ answer in verses 20-21 simply calls on Annas to do what should have been done in the first place.  If there is a trial, there must be a charge.  You cannot put someone on trial hoping he will commit a new crime.  This trial was unjust.
    • Jesus was guilty of no crime, yet was struck and bound.
• Peter again denies Jesus, twice and three times.  It appears the reason he was asked three times is because it was so obvious.  There was even an eye-witness.  They knew he was lying and embarrassed.
  • All these realities (And more), in this moment, boiled over in Peter’s heart as he went away and wept bitterly (Luke 22:60-62).

Questions to consider:

1. What is the sad irony of the question, “Is that how you answer the high priest?”  Who had the officer just struck?  Who should have been respecting who?
2. We know Peter was grieved by what happened that night.  But how do we know that his grief became a godly grief and not a worldly grief (Not a pity party for himself)?  (2 Corinthians 7:10-13)  How can we take encouragement from Peter’s failure, subsequent repentance and spiritual victory?
3. Why shouldn’t it surprise us when we see that Jesus’ trials were unjust?  Did Jesus do anything worthy of punishment?  How does the illegitimacy of these trials bolster our confidence in Christ’s ability to be our spotless sacrifice? (1 Peter 3:18)

Today’s passage: John 18:12-18

Helpful thoughts:

• Annas had previously served as the high priest.  His sons and son-in-law (Caiaphas) served after him.  It appears Annas continued to hold religious and political power even after his time as high priest had ended.
• Peter and John went to the courtyard where Jesus was being tried.  Peter is asked if he is also one of Jesus’ disciples, implying she already knows that John is.  In John’s presence, with another professing disciple by his side, Peter denies following Christ.
• We don’t get to hear the tone of this woman’s voice when she asked this question.  It may have been out of concern.  It may have been sarcastic and demeaning.  All we know is that Peter did what Jesus said he would.

Questions to consider:

1. What makes Peter’s denial seem so troubling?  Why did he have reason to stand up for his faith?
2. What makes Peter’s denial so understandable?  What was his teacher up against?  What was Peter fearful of?
3. Should we look down on Peter?  Should we sympathize with him?  In what ways might we struggle to identify with Christ in our own lives?  How was Peter’s and all Christians’ sin forgiven?

Today’s passage: John 18:1-11

Helpful thoughts:

• After Jesus’ prayer, He and the disciples went to the Garden of Gethsemane.  The time for Jesus’ betrayal had come.
• In the original Greek, when we read Jesus saying, “I am he,” it simply reads, “I am.”
  • When Jesus spoke, “I am,” it knocked these soldiers, officers, chief priests, and Pharisees to the ground.  They got up and arrested Jesus.
• Jesus didn’t need Peter’s sword, his spoken word could have defeated any army (Revelation 19:15).  But, Jesus had not come to defeat any armies.  He’d come to defeat our sin at the cross.

Questions to consider:

1. In this moment of “capture” and arrest, how did Jesus continue to prove his innocence (His righteousness) and his deity?
2. Why did Jesus choose to heal Malchus’ ear?  How did that miracle allow him to fulfill what was sought for in verses 8-9 and in 17:12?
3. How would verse 11 answer the question, “How could those men have seen all this and still arrest and crucify Jesus?”  Why did all this happen?

Today’s passage: John 17:20-26

Helpful thoughts:

• Jesus didn’t just pray for his disciples in “The High Priestly Prayer.”  He also prayed for you and me.
• Church unity is incredibly important.
  • Our unity glorifies Jesus Christ.
  • Our unity points others to salvation in Christ.
• When Jesus prayed for us to see His glory, He wasn’t being selfish or eager to brag.  He wants to give to us the very best thing He can give, Himself.
  • There is no greater gift than to be in the glorious presence of God.  Jesus wants that for us!

Questions to consider:

1. In what ways does it encourage you to know that Jesus prayed for you, for us?  How does this further evidence His love for His people?
2. What truths (And what person) is the church to be united around?  What kinds of things/desires disrupt unity?  How can you be used by God to further unite the church?
3. What did Jesus see as the great outcome of our unity?  How should this help us to consider what emphasis we should be giving to evangelism?

Today’s passage: John 17:6-19

Helpful thoughts:

• Jesus manifesting God’s “name” to the people the Father had given Him could also be referred to as showing who God is to His people or simply making God known.
• At this point, Jesus is praying for His disciples (The twelve, minus Judas Iscariot).  Though, in the next passage, we will see that Jesus had more people in mind for this prayer!
• Jesus’ prayer for His disciples:
  • Perseverance (God’s keeping them)
  • Unity
  • Joy in Christ
  • Protection from Satan
  • Sanctification

Questions to consider:

1. What do we learn about the relationship between the Father and the Son in this passage?  What unity is evident?  What actions on behalf of the other are happening?
2. How does this unity and service translate to the disciples of Jesus?  How would their actions, faithfulness, and growth in Christ-likeness show unity in each other and in Christ?
3. From where do we receive sanctification (Verse 17)?  From where do we find joy (Verse 13)?  From where does Christ receive glory (Verse 10)?